What Justification Has Alexander II Become Known As The...

To what justification has Alexander II become known as ‘the Great Reformer’? Russia in the 19th century was, as we now know, a fatally flawed system. An autocracy that would not last beyond the early 20th century and there surrounds a controversy and paradox in one of the last Tsars, Alexander II, who has many titles imparted upon him, for example ‘The Tsar Liberator’ or ‘The Great Reformer’; the later draws links to ‘Peter the Great’. Titles like these are cause of such controversy are not based in the denial of his reforms but rather the significance of these reforms whether it be; the depth of effect on people, the amount of people affected, the length of time they were effected for or the effect of the event upon today. These are ways†¦show more content†¦Each reform seeking to modernise Russia, in the words of Dr David Moon, ‘rebuild Military might and recover international status.’ However whether he was successful in his aim does not directly contribute to the significance, it can be signifi cant without being successful. Central to all of the reforms of Alexander II is the ‘Emancipation Decrees’ which are arguably the largest reforms of Alexander and set up for the following liberal community reforms. The most well-known is the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861 had reaching consequences into every corner of Russia and its significance is evident in the depth of contemporary excitement as described by Prince Pyotrs Kropotkin, ‘Crowds of peasants and educated men stood in front of the palace, shouting hurrahs’ . Such rejoicing and mass celebration helps highlights the importance placed upon this manifesto, but is also highlighted in the opinions of the author himself as he is in opposition to the system but also a member of nobility in which this manifesto has no direct effect and yet still supports and rejoices at the manifesto. Showing the startling significance that the Russia public put upon this reform, feeds itself into the significance of the Alexander as a reformer- as Pytor describes later ‘[Alexander] Your name has been transmitted through history as that of a hero’ . This point is compounded by a newspaper article at the time in which the ‘emotion created’ by theShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesPenalty in its general sense signifies pain; in the judicial sphere, it means suffering undergone, because of the action of society, to one who commits a crime. The very purpose or reason why society has to punish a criminal is to secure justice. The state has to protect its existence, assess what is right for the people based on moral principles, which vindicated. The giving of punishment, which is exercised by society, is the fulfillment of service and satisfaction of a duty to the people it protectsRead MoreLaw and Justice4680 Words   |  19 Pagesjustice has been accepted by world judicial fraternity as a landmark vision to understand the system. Similarly it has earned a good amount of criticism which shows the basic strength of the thought. As such: Rawls theories of Justice has to be checked and rechecked not because it is best but because it will provide us a starting point to understand this whole world of law and justice. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand and analyze Rawls theory of justice. This work has been doneRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSIRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagestext series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59158–408–7 (alk. paper) ISBN 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Library administration—United States. 2. Information services— United States—Management. I. Moran, Barbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright  © 2007 by Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or techniqueRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesCataloging-in-Publication Data Mintzberg, Henry. Strategy safari: a guided tour through the wilds of strategic management / Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand, Joseph Lampel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Strategic planning. I. Ahlstrand, Bruce W. II. Lampel, Joseph. III. Title. HD30.28.M564 1998 658.4 012—dc21 98-9694 CIP ISBN 0-684 -84743-4 (hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come toRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesedition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The right of Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally

Slime Persuasive Essay - 863 Words

â€Å"I’ll be right over.† I excitedly told Carly over the phone. â€Å"Mom I’m going to Carly’s to make slime!† I yelled from my room. BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM. Four stomps boomed from the ceiling, my queue to go upstairs. â€Å"Coming† I screamed. I bounded up the stairs into my mom’s room. â€Å"I’m going to Carly’s.† I repeated. â€Å"Ok† she advised â€Å"Bring your brother’s bike and be home by 6:30.† â€Å"Ok, thank you, bye Mom, love you!† I hollered, already down the hall towards the door. I scooped up the ingredients to make the slime, put it in my backpack, and ran out to get my bike. I opened the garage door and scooted my brother’s big blue bike onto the driveway. I hopped on and was on my way the half mile to Carly’s house. I was SO excited to make slime! Slime†¦show more content†¦Next, I grabbed a mixing utensil and went to town on the mixture. Once I finished mixing, Carly was already behind me with some pink food coloring. She lightly squeezed the container, bright red liquid came bursting forth from the bottle. Carly missed the bowl and got some on the counter, but there was already shaving cream everywhere so, I didn’t say anything. After I stirred the slime again, I put a pinch of corn starch and some contact solution into the mixture. It was now time for my favorite part, the glitter! We poured a ton of glitter into the pink sli me. Then, we mixed it and then kneaded it to fine dough. Finally, it was time to play. Carly and I squished, squashed, and scrunched our pink glitter slime. â€Å"Cassidy, catch.† She told me, and I did. We threw our slime around for about 5 minuets. Until Carly chucked the slime at me and instead of landing in my hands, it hit the ceiling. Carly and I couldn’t stop laughing. We laughed until the slime fell down. When it did it was surprisingly as hard as a rock. â€Å"Why is it so hard?† I asked Carly â€Å"Oh† She surprised turned to laughter again â€Å"We added to much corn starch. Now the slime is hard!† Then we started laughing again, passing the pink glittering rock around like before. We were having so much fun, I didn’t notice the clock. 6:27! ‘Oh no† I franticly started packing my stuff. â€Å"I have to be home at 6:30. â€Å"Sorry Carly, thanks for making slime with me. Bye, see you tomorrow!† I yelledShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Wheres The Beef 1206 Words   |  5 PagesTARES Evaluative Essay: Wendy s The ad that will be evaluated with the TARES test is Wendy s Where s the Beef? campaign. This ad originated in 1984 and was meant specifically to target their competitors. Instead of trying to show a new product that was to be introduced, Wendy s used this advertisement to point out the lack of beef used in their competitors burgers. This advertisement was meant to make the general public aware that their competition was not providing them with one hundred percentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

Energy Efficiency †a Replacement to Load Shedding Free Essays

Load shedding is one of the biggest problem faced by everyone in Pakistan, no matter they are domestic or commercial consumers. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crises and it may get worse if not addressed seriously and promptly. Everyone is curious about the role of government in dealing with this issue and relieving consumers through immediate supply side solutions such as new power sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Efficiency – a Replacement to Load Shedding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government is playing its role in establishing new power plants and potential of utilizing unleashed sources such as coal and renewable resources i. e. ind, solar etc. Domestic and commercial consumers contribute more than 60% in the total electrical energy requirement of Pakistan. Currently, maximum energy deficit is 5500 MW in summers and immediate solutions are unable to meet this deficit in near future. It is not recommended to a consumer to compromise on comfort by not operating some of the high priority appliances but slight change in behavior may contribute much more than expected. Main electricity demand contributors are cooling and heating appliances used by domestic and commercial users. In order to quantify the impacts of such appliances, research has been carried regarding the usage of air conditioners in Pakistan. Consumers have been suffering from crises in form of load shedding for hours in a day no immediate solution seems to be viable in extended summers. They tend to blame government and utility companies for not reducing load shedding. Energy could be made available for extended hours but a mass level awareness about efficient usage of energy is required. Illegal connections, usage of inefficient and unnecessary appliances at peak demand time has worsened the situation and utility companies seem helpless about it. They are not left with any other option to reduce demand except through load shedding. Air conditioners are one of the major contributors in peak load in summer. They comprise 15% of the total peak load requiring at least 3000 MW for the country. A survey regarding usage of air conditioners was floated as a part of this research and 300 domestic and commercial consumers responded to the survey. One of the conclusions of the survey indicated that 21 0C is the average control temperature for AC in households. From the same survey consumers were asked about the maximum control temperature used in household. The maximum average temperature was found to be 26 0C. In order to investigate the influence of this control temperature on household energy consumption and peak load demand, an experiment was carried out on two similar buildings in Karachi. Two rooms of the dimension of 12 X 16 X 12 ft were used for this purpose. One room was operated at 21 0C control temperature for 24 hours period while other at 26 0C. Observations and results indicated that a total of 0. 45 KWhr saving was recorded in the room having AC operating at 26 0C. If this saving is extrapolated to expected number of air conditioners in Pakistan, then a total of 14. 5 GWhr of electrical energy could be saved in a single day. In terms of power this can easily curtail a total of 607 MW out of peak demand, which is equivalent to some of the largest power plants in the country. If similar energy conservation techniques are applied for refrigerators and other cooling appliances then savings could be of much significant level. Due to ongoing gas load shedding scenario, consumers may start turning towards electrical heating appliances, which may potentially add up in electrical energy demand in near future. Large scale awareness is required at each level of consumption. Peak load shifting, discouraging illegal connections and utilizing energy in efficient way are our few life lines. A single consumer contribution may seem insignificant but as a whole it can contribute towards reduction of significant peak load. How to cite Energy Efficiency – a Replacement to Load Shedding, Essay examples

Foundations of Couples - Marriage - and Family

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Couples, Marriage, and Family. Answer: Introduction: face a range of ethical conflict during their daily work. No matter where they function in their roles, they are faced with ethical decisions that can affect them as well as their patients. Ethical conflict in healthcare and nursing is ranked as the top ethical challenge facing health care today. Ethical dilemma occurs when a person is not able to act on ones ethical choice. Therefore, constraints interfere with acting in a way that an individual believes to be right. According to Canadian Nurse Association, ethical conflict is a situation where nurses cannot fulfill their ethical duty thus failing to pursue their right course of action (In Lundy, In Janes, Lundy, 2016). Ethics involves doing well and not causing harm. Nurses encounter many ethical issues in their workplace. The ethical conflict that happens in their day-to-day work entails them making a decision (Harvey Land, 2016). The decisions they make are affected by many factors including principles, values, as well as exper iences. Harry Nelson is a patient who is ailing from end-stage cancer. He is receiving palliative care at his home where he has brought up his family. Harry has not prepared an advanced care directive, and his condition is worsening, and he is aware that his death is imminent. Harry wishes to die in his home, but his daughter Stacey is stressed because of his fathers condition. Therefore, she calls an ambulance because she believes his father can live longer if he receives further treatment. When the palliative care crew gets at Harry Nelson home, they find considerable conflict, and this becomes complex on how to solve it. Harry has the desire to stay at home, and on the other hand, Stacey wants him to go to the hospital for further treatment. The ambulance transports Harry because according to its guidelines, Harry meets the criteria of medical treatment and transport. Therefore, Harry is taken to hospital despite his objections. According to the case study above, it is clear that there is a considerable conflict. Critical medical issues like Harry Nelson condition involve far-reaching decisions about the life and the death of a severely sick patient, and this is very challenging for the healthcare staffs. Furthermore discussing such serious decisions with the patient becomes impossible due to their stubbornness thus resulting in an increased need to communicate with the relatives or legal representative. Trust and confidence, therefore, become challenged thus inviting conflict. According to the case study, the considerable conflict occurred between the palliative care and Harry Nelsons daughter Stacey in the matter of whether or not to limit the life-sustaining treatment and the patients death due to Harry Nelson wish to stay at home. Principles of healthcare ethics According to the actions of the palliative care crew, they acted in accordance to the relevant principles of healthcare, code of ethics as well as the code of conduct in healthcare professional. According to research, critical medical issues present the major ethical theories and application in healthcare as part of the foundation for the study of ethics. The foundation shows how principles are used in healthcare and how they are applied in care of ethical conflict. The principles that are commonly used in healthcare ethics are non-maleficence, beneficence, and autonomy. The nurses use these principles to make decisions in case of serious illness in patients like that of Harry Nelson. This principle relates to the first ethical requirement in healthcare that procedure done by any healthcare professional should not harm the patient or others in the community. In healthcare ethics, there is no clear evidence whether a health care professional want to do harm or avoid doing harm. Nevertheless, the debate comes in when we consider the word harm. Different ethical theories give the various meaning of harm. For example, a deontologist would define harm as that which prevents people from performing their duty or that, which is opposed, to the formal condition of moral law. On the other hand, a consequentiality would define harm as that which prevents the good thus leading to less good. However, in healthcare, harm is that which worsens the condition of a patient (Evans, 2017). In many fields, they may say harm include pain, inconvenience, expense or even discomfort. Nevertheless, in healthcare settings, harm is considered physical harm. According to the case study, the palliative care crew acted in non-maleficence. The crew did not mean to harm Harry Nelson despite his wish to stay at home. First, his health was deteriorating, and therefore, it is the duty of the healthcare crew to look after him without neglecting him. Even though in clinical setting non-maleficence can occur due to negligence and as a violation of autonomy, a patient needs to have a legal document that specifies what actions should be taken for their health (Maville Huerta, 2013). In harm as a violation of autonomy, a patient may elect not to receive treatment because of their condition as they are aware they are about to die. Therefore, imposing treatment on a person who desires to lose life quality then it is wrong. According to the case study, Harry is very weak and fully aware that his death is nearing thus he wishes to remain at home with no further treatment and die in his home. However, the palliative care crew transports him against his w ill upon his daughters insistence. This, however, is not wrong because the crew was taking Harry to the hospital for further treatment they did not mean any harm. Second, Harry had not prepared an advanced care directive. Therefore, their actions are not questionable as they acted in best of interests and reasonable decision (Smith, 2016). Beneficence principle advocates that any performance should be done with the intention of doing well for the patient. It demands that healthcare staffs develop and maintain skills and knowledge, considers the circumstances of all patients and strive for overall benefit. Beneficence involves more than just avoiding harm (Dossey, Keegan, In Barrere, 2016). It involves a level of altruism that is not present from just refraining from harm. The healthcare ethical guideline of having to involve in beneficent acts means that the healthcare professionals are ethically required to take optimistic steps to assist the patients. Concerning the ethical theories, the principle advocates for the maximum good for an utmost number just as the principle of consequentialism (Shafer-Landau, 2012). The beneficence principle is important in healthcare ethics and therefore, ethical egoism, which is the belief that our basic obligation is a virtue, is not connected from healthcare (Maville Huerta, 2013). Therefore, in the case study, the healthcare professionals transported Harry to the hospital because they wanted to help him. They did not hold the negligent or deficient action to perform a beneficent act. Healthcare workers are expected to portray the act of kindness and courtesy as it is part of the common morality of healthcare. Nevertheless, the principles of beneficence together with non-maleficence are not sufficient in healthcare actions due to the people who defined harm and good. Many patients are ignorant of why physicians are doing certain treatments n them. This is evident in the case study, as Harry does not want any further treatment thus having self-interest of just staying at his place and having a wish of dying at his own home. Therefore, the palliative care crew who is avoiding harm has no say in Harry Nelson wish. However, according to (Tobin, 2012) competent patients have the assertion of making decisions for themselves, which now brings the conflict of Harry being taken to the hospital and his desire to stay at home. Thus, due to the inadequacy of the two principle health professional can include the principle of Autonomy in their decisions concerning a patient who has a critical condition. This principle necessitates that the patient has the sovereignty of intent, deed, as well as thought when making verdict concerning healthcare procedures (Fletcher, 2015). Therefore, the decision taken must be free of coaxing for the patient to makes fully choice. In addition, the patient must be aware of the risks and likelihood of success in the procedures. However, in most times when a patient is in a critical condition, it is always difficult t expect the patient to operate under fully informed consent. In the case study, Harry has the right to make any decision he wants without anyone going against him. On the other hand, the palliative care crew has the obligation of acting a way that benefits Harry without harming him. Therefore, due to the conflict of his desire and the best interest of the palliative crew, the healthcare professionals should be considerable in extending Harry Nelson quality life by doing further treatment. However, Harry is competent and understands that his condition is critical and he is aware that his death is about to happen and that is why he does not want any further treatment. This makes it difficult for the palliative crew to decide whether to act upon Harry or upon his daughter insistence. It is therefore at this point the principles of healthcare ethics non-maleficence, beneficence and autonomy are important for the healthcare professionals in making decisions in any healthcare conflict. Professional Code of Ethics Since 1953, the code in healthcare has served as the standard for nurses globally (In Capuzzi In Stauffer, 2015). The code of ethics for nurses is a channel for action based on social standards and morals. The code of ethics makes it clear that inherent in nursing is respect for human rights which include, right to life, dignity and to be treated with respect (In Friberg In Creasia, 2016). The code of ethics directs nurses in daily choices thus supporting their denial to perform in activities that conflict with caring and healing. In the case study, the palliative care crew strived to guard the health and the safety of the patient. The nurses do not only focus on giving care to a patient but also to promote safety and protection as well as the rights of the patient (Butts Rich, 2016). In the case, Harry, being taken to the hospital against his will was to protect his health. Even though he had wished to remain at his home, the lack of an advanced care directive makes the palliative to focus on their actions and encounters with Harry Nelson. Therefore, their act drives protocols and promotes the wellbeing, protects his life (In Gerrish In Lathlean, 2015). Also in the code of ethics in the case study, the healthcare professionals conducted themselves professionally thus practicing care regardless of the unrestricted consideration, nature of health problem and Harry Nelson wish. Besides, the palliative crew owed Harry Nelson commitment of care. The ethical codes in nursing say that the nurses responsibility is foremost to their patients. Even though the crew was overcome by the considerable conflict, in the code of ethics, the nurse must always recall that their primary responsibility is to be an advocate to and for their patient and not any influence like in the insistence of Stacey Harry Nelson daughter. Professional Code of Conduct According to the International Patient Charter, codes sets out the customary of behavior that nurses are expected to maintain in their professional practice (Fowler American Nurses Association, 2015). The code of conduct advises nurses on what is expected of them. The codes are in line with the statutory to maintain the health and safety of patient (Sorkin, August, Fischer, 2017). According to the case study, the healthcare professionals acted in agreement with the code of conducts for nurses which include integrity, improving health and accountability (Waddill-Goad Sigma Theta Tau International, 2016). In the case study, the crew acted in full honor to safeguard the life of Harry. Also as the healthcare services are in agreement with promoting health. Therefore, the palliative care crew did just to take Harry in the hospital as the code of conduct acts nurses to support and empower those with chronic conditions. Besides accountability comes in when Stacey asks the crew to take her father for further treatment. The crew agrees since it is their duty to address peoples concerns. Other national and international Charters Other national healthcare charters like "you and Your Health Service" is created through efforts from many concerned individuals. The parties include advocacy groups, individual supporters who assist in the enhancement of the National policy for health services. The charter is an element of the program of quality enhancement initiatives developed to involve service users in influencing optimum healthcare (In Lundy, In Janes Lundy, 2016). The International Charter for Human Values in Healthcare is another healthcare charter. It is an inter-professional collaborative involving people globally working together to restore core human ethics to health care (Tobin, 2012). The human values consist of respect for people, integrity, justice, as well as a commitment to excellence. Ethical Theory Different ethical theories exist, and they are applied in different situations to help in healthcare professional thinking as well as making decisions. The theory of ethical principals is mostly used in approaching ethics in healthcare. The ethical principal is viewed as a tool of making a decision as well as solving problems, which is relinquished by appealing to good moral principles (Brixey et al., 2015). The theory emphasizes the four ethical healthcare principles, which are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. These principles are accepted in healthcare as they assist in providing sound moral reason while taking actions. This theory is increasingly acceptable as a reliable and practical framework for solving moral problems in health care. The principal ethical theory has therefore gained contemporary discussions on ethical issues in healthcare. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to have knowledge and understanding of this model. Conclusion In conclusion, it is essential for the healthcare professionals to have the full competence of the health care principles, code of ethics, as well as the code of conducts to help them in their professional practice. The principles of healthcare ethics can assist health care at the time of handing critically ill patients, as mostly they have to make decisions that are in agreement with promoting health and preventing harm in the patient. The commitments of the nurses in their care include providing safety, competent and ethical care. However, the healthcare professionals get frustrated in their efforts to enact their professional in the way that is acceptable to them. Due to that then ethical conflict is created. If however, palliative care crew like in the case study were not able to identify the ethical conflict and dilemma then they would not have been able to make any right decision and resolve the situation while as well building up of moral residue. References Brixey, J. J., Brixey, J. E., Saba, V., McCormick, K. (2015).Essentials of Nursing Informatics Study Guide. Butts, J. B., Rich, K. L. (2016).Nursing ethics: Across the curriculum and into practice. Burlington, MA : Jones Bartlett Learning In Friberg, E. E., In Creasia, J. L. (2016).Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice. Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., In Barrere, C. (2016).Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. (2017).Essential interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Fletcher, S. N. E. (2015).Cultural sensibility in healthcare: A personal professional guidebook. Fowler, M. D. M., American Nurses Association. (2015).Guide to the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements: Development, interpretation, and application. Harvey, M., Land, L. (2016).Research methods for nurses and midwives: Theory and practice. In Capuzzi, D., In Stauffer, M. D. (2015).Foundations of couples, marriage, and family counseling. In Gerrish, K., In Lathlean, J. (2015).The research process in nursing. In Lundy, K. S., In Janes, S., Lundy, K. S. (2016).Community health nursing: Caring for the public's health. Burlington, MA : Jones Bartlett Learning Maville, J. A., Huerta, C. G. (2013).Health promotion in nursing. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. Smith, G. M. (2016).Practical introduction to mental health ethics. Place of publication not identified: Routledge. Sorkin, C., August, E. V., Fischer, C. (2017).Adult-gerontology and family nurse practitioner. Tobin, J. (2012).The right to health in international law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Waddill-Goad, S., Sigma Theta Tau International,. (2016).Nurse burnout: Combating stress in nursing.