Boiling point of water with salt added Essay

After some time, various applications for the option of salt in water have been set up and the way toward including salt in water has become a standard exercise any place water must be bubbled the world over (Bradley, 2006). Reason The motivation behind this undertaking is to examine the ramifications of the expansion of salt in the response of water to warm. Hypothesis and Hypothesis Upon the expansion of basic salt (NaCl) in refined water, it causes the breaking point of the water to rise. Thus, water must be warmed for longer time frames as the measure of salt in the water is expanded. The speculation of this examination is to approve whether the expansion of salt in water causes the breaking point of the water to rise. Device utilized The mechanical assembly that was utilized for this test involved table Salt (NaCl), refined Water, estimating spoon, mixing spoon, thermometer, electric oven, pot. Trial method actualized In the initial step, the pot is loaded up with refined water and is put on the electric oven. It was loaded up with roughly two teacups of water. It is permitted to bubble consistently and the thermometer was utilized to gauge the temperature of the water after at regular intervals. The water was seen to start bubbling at around 213 Â °F in typical conditions when no increases had been made to the water. In the subsequent advance, the underlying example of water was permitted to chill off until it had come back to room temperature, after which one leveled estimating spoonful of salt was added to the water and the pot was again positioned on the electric oven to bubble. The salt had been blended into the water utilizing the mixing spoon before it was put to bubble. The water was again permitted to bubble persistently and the thermometer was utilized to quantify the temperature of the water after like clockwork. The water was seen to start bubbling at a higher temperature than 213 Â °F after salt had been added to the water. In the third step, the water was again permitted to chill off until it had returned back to room temperature. When the water had come back to room temperature, a second expansion of salt (NaCl) is made. The estimating spoon was utilized to include another leveled spoonful of salt to the water and was blended completely utilizing the mixing spoon. The pot was then positioned on the oven again and was permitted to start warming up. The water was again permitted to bubble consistently and the thermometer was utilized to gauge the temperature of the water after like clockwork. The water was seen to start bubbling at a higher temperature than that which had been seen in the readings made in stride two of the examination. Consistently, uncommon consideration was taken to guarantee that the thermometer didn't contact the dividers or the base of the pot and that it was not held over the oven for a really long time so as to keep the readings from being adjusted accidentally.

Nursing Care Interventions and Discharge Planning Needs - Samples

Question: Talk about aboout the Nursing Care Interventions and Discharge Planning Needs. Answer: Nursing Care Interventions Albeit femoral cracks are regular among the older, it is a condition that can be hard to oversee when thenursing staff doesn't take legitimate intercessions following a post employable medical procedure (Avenelll and Handoll, 2010). To guarantee speedy recuperation for Mr. Earthy colored, a patient who has had medical procedure to fix his broke femur in the wake of being associated with a tractor injury, an attendant will take suitable intercessions to guarantee brisk recuperation and portability of the patient. A portion of the recuperation estimates will incorporate; Agony the executives; Pain following a medical procedure or a physical issue is a characteristic piece of the recuperation procedure (Black et al., 2010). As a medical attendant, I would progress in the direction of diminishing the agony of Mr. Earthy colored to enable his leg to recuperate quicker by guaranteeing that he holds fast to the recommended meds. The medications are generally endorsed to diminish torment for a brief period following a physical issue or medical procedure. As indicated by Nosbusch et al., (2011), there are various kinds of prescriptions used to assist check with tormenting, for example, nearby sedatives, non-steroidal mitigating medications and opiods to make reference to only a couple. Albeit a specialist can utilize a blend of these medications, for help with discomfort it is crucial to think about the past clinical history of the patient (Nosbusch et al., 2011). For the instance of Mr. Earthy colored, I would utilize mitigating drugs nearby Warfin to fore stall blood thickening since he has a past filled with profound vein apoplexy. Weight bearing; to dodge further confusions, it is vital to adhere to the doctors directions for putting weight on the harmed hip. Ha et al., (2010), states that whether a crack is treated with medical procedure or not, a social insurance official should demoralize weight bearing until the time recuperation happens. To accomplish this, the patient may require as long as 10 months or a greater amount of recuperation before gauge bearing should be possible without the hazard for difficulties (Ha et al., 2010). One can likewise put on a knee support for additional help. For the instance of Mr. Earthy colored, I would guarantee that he holds fast normally to the planned X-beam for close checking on how the hip is mending. At the point when a patient is treated with a cast or a support, customary X-beam registration help a specialist to know whether the crack is sufficiently steady to begin weight bearing exercises (Ha et al., 2010). Albeit one can in any case put weight on the leg, a wal ker or bolsters are significant at time to decrease the weight. Early movement; despite the fact that this mediation may not work quickly for the instance of Mr. Earthy colored because of medical procedure, it will be a command of the attendant to choose the best time for the patient to start moving the knee to forestall solidness. As per Black et al., (2010), this period relies upon how the delicate tissues including the muscles and the skin of the patient are recuperating just as how secure the break is following a medical procedure. Then again, Rhudy et al., (2010) holds that early movements as a rule start with inactive activities. For the instance of Mr. Earthy colored, an advisor would tenderly move the knee in the event that the patient can't move or would put it in a persistent aloof movement machine that will support just as move the leg. For the bone that has cracked into different pieces or in situations where bones are feeble particularly for the older, the leg may take more time to recuperate, thus longer time before a physicist sugg ests movement exercises (Schilcher et al., 2011). The method of reasoning for this intercession is that it will keep the leg from being hardened and guarantee latent exercise which will ensure that no development complexities after recuperation. Release Planning Needs One of the key purposes behind release arranging is to decrease avoidable readmissions in the emergency clinic (Rhudy et al., 2010). In the medicinal services set ups, the specialist will guarantee that Mr. Earthy colored needs are considered just as placed in a point by point release plan with contribution from the patient and family. Lamentably, Mr. Earthy colored is a single man, has no family members or neighbors around to deal with him after release from the clinic. Tolerant requirements for care following release are sorted into three areas; action related necessities which incorporates needs hardware or help because of limitations in physical abilities that limit every day functionings at home; needs identified with a part of independence and ultimately is the requirement for treatment related necessities (Sugi et al., 2012) . Treatment related requirements can be evaluated utilizing things, for example, the need fornursing care, receipt of current medicine, suggested treatment or strategies , recovery or requirement for treatment and the requirement for dietary directions (Shepperd et al., 2013). Albeit no torment the board drugs are referenced for the instance of Mr. Earthy colored, he is right now endorsed two meds to treat hypertension and profound vein apoplexy. In the imperative signs, the patient had hypertension at 160/95mm/Hg that is the reason he was endorsed Nifedipine and Warfarin to forestall coagulating of blood by hindering the development of nutrient K subordinate thickening component. For the meds to be taken after release, the patient needs to see quite well the reason for medicine, how he should take the medication (is it twice or threefold every day?), how to take prescription and how he can acquire different meds when he runs shot of the present medications (Nosbusch et al., 2011). There ought to likewise be simply the need care exercises, for example, diet, weight observing and action levels or confinements as referenced previously. The emergency clinic ought to provenursing care to screen the advancement of a patient by guaranteeing that they cling to the correct eating routine and movement levels for a speedy recuperation. Shepperd et al., (2013) holds that it would likewise be important to recognize the provisions that the patient will require for care reason for the provisions too area to acquire the provisions. In the release plan for Mr. Earthy colored, there ought to likewise be the requirement for side effect acknowledgment just as the executives particularly when the medical attendant isn't around to deal with his needs. This will incorporate what to do if a condition or an issue emerges, for example, side effects that demonstrate a medical caretaker should be told who to contact, how to contact just as the crisis contact to be utilized. Needs connected with limitations in exercises of every day living are; instrumental exercises, exercises of day by day living or versatility and dependent on the patient report, such assignments cannot be executed or can be executed yet with gear, help or both. Despite the fact that Mr. Earthy colored had been engaged with a tractor injury and supported mid-shaft cracked injury, he is worried about his every day living movement to deal with his homestead work. As indicated by Ha et al., (2010), there ought to be the requirement for coordination just as getting ready for follow-up arrangements. For the instance of Mr. Earthy colored, the emergency clinic should make arrangements before his release, and be inside a known number of long stretches of release basing on the patients condition. There ought to be coordination for follow up of the two tests in addition to reads for which the affirmed outcomes arent in reach during release. Additionally, there ought to be the requirement for the network assets that the patient will utilize including home social insurance, grown-up day care, suppers on wheels the requirement for exercise based recuperation, word related treatment language instruction (Black et al., 2010). Most importantly, a medical attendant ought to teach the patient about determination in the whole consideration continuum and audit with him what to do if a condition ejects. References Avenell, A., Handoll, H. H. (2010). Dietary supplementation for hip crack aftercare in more established individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1. Dark, D. M., Kelly, M. P., Genant, H. K., Palermo, L., Eastell, R., Bucci-Rechtweg, C., ... de Papp, A. (2010). Bisphosphonates and cracks of the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(19), 1761-1771. Ha, Y. C., Cho, M. R., Park, K. H., Kim, S. Y., Koo, K. H. (2010). Is medical procedure fundamental for femoral inadequacy cracks after long haul bisphosphonate treatment?. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, 468(12), 3393-3398. Nosbusch, J. M., Weiss, M. E., Bobay, K. L. (2011). An incorporated survey of the writing on difficulties going up against the intense consideration staff nurture in release arranging. Diary of clinical nursing, 20(5?6), 754-774. Rhudy, L. M., Holland, D. E., Bowles, K. H. (2010). Lighting up clinic release arranging: staff nurture dynamic. Applied Nursing Research, 23(4), 198-206. Schilcher, J., Michalsson, K., Aspenberg, P. (2011). Bisphosphonate use and atypical cracks of the femoral shaft. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(18), 1728-1737. Shepperd, S., Lannin, N. A., Clemson, L. M., McCluskey, A., Cameron, I. D., Barras, S. L. (2013). Release arranging from emergency clinic to home. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1(1). Sugi, M. T., Davidovitch, R., Montero, N., Nobel, T., Egol, K. A. (2012). Treatment of lower-furthest point long-bone cracks in dynamic, nonambulatory, wheelchair-bound patients. Orthopedics, 35(9), e1376-e1382.

Then and Now

Then and Now First of all, I give you an excerpt from my personal blog, written way back in early September (yeah, remember that?) Imagine youre working on your first 18.02 pset. Okay, say youre me, and youre working on your first 18.02 pset. And by working, I mean staring blankly at the problems, quickly growing frustrated at the fact that none of it makes even a bit of sense, and throwing out various swear words every two and a half seconds. Youve always loved math, but youre not exactly good at learning it it takes forever and a day to understand everything, but once you do get it, you can fly through the problems with ease and dexterity. A fair amount of time in which you could slowly begin to understand everything, along with an excellent teacher, is what got you through AP Calc AB and BC. A fair amount of time is definitely not what you have right now. Your excellent teacher is back home in sunny, hurricane-prone South Florida teaching LHopitals Rule to confused high school juniors and seniors. You do, however, have a book that youre returning to the Coop tomorrow (since you finally found a decently priced used copy on the Internet) and a stack of paper that is the approximate size and weight of a baby dolphin. The stack of paper is your course notes. They were written by your professor. You dont understand a single thing in the notes or the book. In short, youre screwed. Ease and dexterity wont be showing up anytime soon. Here. Have a collective emo tear. But then your good friend Kris calls you. Behold, a godsend! Kris knows math! Kris can help you with 18.02! So you skip off to Burton-Conner and attempt to learn 18.02 and do your pset. Kris gets whats going on, but his explanations are making absolutely no sense to you. Perhaps hes speaking in another language Esperanto, maybe? Every time he says, Its so easy! Here, let me show you, you want to say, NO. YOU DONT GET IT. I CANT LEARN MATH AND IM STUPID AND MIT MADE A MISTAKE WITH ME IF I CANT EVEN UNDERSTAND A BASIC MATH CLASS HOW WILL I EVER END UP GRADUATING AND FORGET THE DOUBLE MAJOR I SHOULDNT BE HERE DIE 18.02 DIE DIE DIE- And you realize youre ranting, so you shut up. You sink to Kris floor and struggle some more. Before, you were on your bed in Senior Haus wrestling with an 18.02 pset, and now youre on your friends floor in Burton-Conner fighting with the same pset. Youre more annoyed now than you were before, since whatever this work entails is obviously understandable to at least one person. This is in no way helpful, especially since there is now a human being in the area who could easily be hit by anything you may or may not throw in your many fits of frustration. So you decide to punt the thing for now, at least. Its eating your soul, and youd prefer to keep at least a few remnants of said soul by the end of your first semester Five months ago, I began my first term at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. I remember leaving my theater class terrified by the daunting number of papers due throughout the term, walking out of 5.112 and wondering whether or not I really was as chemistry-competent as I thought I would be, rushing out of the door after 18.02 recitation nearly crying because already I felt like an absolute idiot and hey, I thought that wasnt supposed to happen until at least the middle of the first lecture, could someone clear that up for me here? Cut to the day after my last final, the day before I flew home for the first time since August, the day I saw the 77% Id earned on my 18.02 final and hey, Id passed multivariable calculus. You cant package and sell that feeling of accomplishment you know, the one accompanied by a feeling of absolute relief, by a look, that wasnt so bad, was it? Its hard to properly recall just how anything felt between September and December. Bringing up the excitement and apprehension from just before the start of term is simple. As for the post-final rush once Id found out that Id passed everything? Also easy come on, Im still riding on the adrenaline from that a month later! Woo hoo! I can survive MIT! Theres hope for me yet; years from now, maybe I wont have to develop the ability to sustain sparkling conversations while holding dinner parties for my friends in the box I call home! With the knowledge that I can in fact survive at MIT, why why why does looking at my spring term schedule terrify me so much? Since when does the prospect of taking my beloved 5.12 make me want to crawl in bed and hide? Why does learning about syntax and morphemes in 24.900 not seem like fun anymore? And just which sadist decided to taint the beauty of electricity and magnetism with the bane of my existence, multivariable calculus? I guess it happens to all of us. I should hope so, at least; after all, I felt the same way before the start of nearly every year in high school. Of course its all difficult. That, if nothing else, I definitely learned last term. But it can be done. It can even be done while having a life, while spending night after night singing and dancing and working on scenes, going shopping or out to dinner with friends, or even trying something new and figuring out just how all the pretty slidey things work and occasionally screwing up on the air. So when the final blackout on the final night of the musical occurs, when youre walking out of Trident on Newbury Street after having breakfast with your friends at 8 PM, when you flip the air line switch after your first radio show or you pass a class you really didnt think you would, it is absolutely, absolutely worth it. Bring it on, spring term. Bring it on.

What Justification Has Alexander II Become Known As The...

To what justification has Alexander II become known as ‘the Great Reformer’? Russia in the 19th century was, as we now know, a fatally flawed system. An autocracy that would not last beyond the early 20th century and there surrounds a controversy and paradox in one of the last Tsars, Alexander II, who has many titles imparted upon him, for example ‘The Tsar Liberator’ or ‘The Great Reformer’; the later draws links to ‘Peter the Great’. Titles like these are cause of such controversy are not based in the denial of his reforms but rather the significance of these reforms whether it be; the depth of effect on people, the amount of people affected, the length of time they were effected for or the effect of the event upon today. These are ways†¦show more content†¦Each reform seeking to modernise Russia, in the words of Dr David Moon, ‘rebuild Military might and recover international status.’ However whether he was successful in his aim does not directly contribute to the significance, it can be signifi cant without being successful. Central to all of the reforms of Alexander II is the ‘Emancipation Decrees’ which are arguably the largest reforms of Alexander and set up for the following liberal community reforms. The most well-known is the Emancipation of the Serfs in 1861 had reaching consequences into every corner of Russia and its significance is evident in the depth of contemporary excitement as described by Prince Pyotrs Kropotkin, ‘Crowds of peasants and educated men stood in front of the palace, shouting hurrahs’ . Such rejoicing and mass celebration helps highlights the importance placed upon this manifesto, but is also highlighted in the opinions of the author himself as he is in opposition to the system but also a member of nobility in which this manifesto has no direct effect and yet still supports and rejoices at the manifesto. Showing the startling significance that the Russia public put upon this reform, feeds itself into the significance of the Alexander as a reformer- as Pytor describes later ‘[Alexander] Your name has been transmitted through history as that of a hero’ . This point is compounded by a newspaper article at the time in which the ‘emotion created’ by theShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesPenalty in its general sense signifies pain; in the judicial sphere, it means suffering undergone, because of the action of society, to one who commits a crime. The very purpose or reason why society has to punish a criminal is to secure justice. The state has to protect its existence, assess what is right for the people based on moral principles, which vindicated. The giving of punishment, which is exercised by society, is the fulfillment of service and satisfaction of a duty to the people it protectsRead MoreLaw and Justice4680 Words   |  19 Pagesjustice has been accepted by world judicial fraternity as a landmark vision to understand the system. Similarly it has earned a good amount of criticism which shows the basic strength of the thought. As such: Rawls theories of Justice has to be checked and rechecked not because it is best but because it will provide us a starting point to understand this whole world of law and justice. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand and analyze Rawls theory of justice. This work has been doneRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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HD30.28.M564 1998 658.4 012—dc21 98-9694 CIP ISBN 0-684 -84743-4 (hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come toRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesedition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The right of Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally

Slime Persuasive Essay - 863 Words

â€Å"I’ll be right over.† I excitedly told Carly over the phone. â€Å"Mom I’m going to Carly’s to make slime!† I yelled from my room. BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM. Four stomps boomed from the ceiling, my queue to go upstairs. â€Å"Coming† I screamed. I bounded up the stairs into my mom’s room. â€Å"I’m going to Carly’s.† I repeated. â€Å"Ok† she advised â€Å"Bring your brother’s bike and be home by 6:30.† â€Å"Ok, thank you, bye Mom, love you!† I hollered, already down the hall towards the door. I scooped up the ingredients to make the slime, put it in my backpack, and ran out to get my bike. I opened the garage door and scooted my brother’s big blue bike onto the driveway. I hopped on and was on my way the half mile to Carly’s house. I was SO excited to make slime! Slime†¦show more content†¦Next, I grabbed a mixing utensil and went to town on the mixture. Once I finished mixing, Carly was already behind me with some pink food coloring. She lightly squeezed the container, bright red liquid came bursting forth from the bottle. Carly missed the bowl and got some on the counter, but there was already shaving cream everywhere so, I didn’t say anything. After I stirred the slime again, I put a pinch of corn starch and some contact solution into the mixture. It was now time for my favorite part, the glitter! We poured a ton of glitter into the pink sli me. Then, we mixed it and then kneaded it to fine dough. Finally, it was time to play. Carly and I squished, squashed, and scrunched our pink glitter slime. â€Å"Cassidy, catch.† She told me, and I did. We threw our slime around for about 5 minuets. Until Carly chucked the slime at me and instead of landing in my hands, it hit the ceiling. Carly and I couldn’t stop laughing. We laughed until the slime fell down. When it did it was surprisingly as hard as a rock. â€Å"Why is it so hard?† I asked Carly â€Å"Oh† She surprised turned to laughter again â€Å"We added to much corn starch. Now the slime is hard!† Then we started laughing again, passing the pink glittering rock around like before. We were having so much fun, I didn’t notice the clock. 6:27! ‘Oh no† I franticly started packing my stuff. â€Å"I have to be home at 6:30. â€Å"Sorry Carly, thanks for making slime with me. Bye, see you tomorrow!† I yelledShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Wheres The Beef 1206 Words   |  5 PagesTARES Evaluative Essay: Wendy s The ad that will be evaluated with the TARES test is Wendy s Where s the Beef? campaign. This ad originated in 1984 and was meant specifically to target their competitors. Instead of trying to show a new product that was to be introduced, Wendy s used this advertisement to point out the lack of beef used in their competitors burgers. This advertisement was meant to make the general public aware that their competition was not providing them with one hundred percentRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

Energy Efficiency †a Replacement to Load Shedding Free Essays

Load shedding is one of the biggest problem faced by everyone in Pakistan, no matter they are domestic or commercial consumers. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crises and it may get worse if not addressed seriously and promptly. Everyone is curious about the role of government in dealing with this issue and relieving consumers through immediate supply side solutions such as new power sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Efficiency – a Replacement to Load Shedding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government is playing its role in establishing new power plants and potential of utilizing unleashed sources such as coal and renewable resources i. e. ind, solar etc. Domestic and commercial consumers contribute more than 60% in the total electrical energy requirement of Pakistan. Currently, maximum energy deficit is 5500 MW in summers and immediate solutions are unable to meet this deficit in near future. It is not recommended to a consumer to compromise on comfort by not operating some of the high priority appliances but slight change in behavior may contribute much more than expected. Main electricity demand contributors are cooling and heating appliances used by domestic and commercial users. In order to quantify the impacts of such appliances, research has been carried regarding the usage of air conditioners in Pakistan. Consumers have been suffering from crises in form of load shedding for hours in a day no immediate solution seems to be viable in extended summers. They tend to blame government and utility companies for not reducing load shedding. Energy could be made available for extended hours but a mass level awareness about efficient usage of energy is required. Illegal connections, usage of inefficient and unnecessary appliances at peak demand time has worsened the situation and utility companies seem helpless about it. They are not left with any other option to reduce demand except through load shedding. Air conditioners are one of the major contributors in peak load in summer. They comprise 15% of the total peak load requiring at least 3000 MW for the country. A survey regarding usage of air conditioners was floated as a part of this research and 300 domestic and commercial consumers responded to the survey. One of the conclusions of the survey indicated that 21 0C is the average control temperature for AC in households. From the same survey consumers were asked about the maximum control temperature used in household. The maximum average temperature was found to be 26 0C. In order to investigate the influence of this control temperature on household energy consumption and peak load demand, an experiment was carried out on two similar buildings in Karachi. Two rooms of the dimension of 12 X 16 X 12 ft were used for this purpose. One room was operated at 21 0C control temperature for 24 hours period while other at 26 0C. Observations and results indicated that a total of 0. 45 KWhr saving was recorded in the room having AC operating at 26 0C. If this saving is extrapolated to expected number of air conditioners in Pakistan, then a total of 14. 5 GWhr of electrical energy could be saved in a single day. In terms of power this can easily curtail a total of 607 MW out of peak demand, which is equivalent to some of the largest power plants in the country. If similar energy conservation techniques are applied for refrigerators and other cooling appliances then savings could be of much significant level. Due to ongoing gas load shedding scenario, consumers may start turning towards electrical heating appliances, which may potentially add up in electrical energy demand in near future. Large scale awareness is required at each level of consumption. Peak load shifting, discouraging illegal connections and utilizing energy in efficient way are our few life lines. A single consumer contribution may seem insignificant but as a whole it can contribute towards reduction of significant peak load. How to cite Energy Efficiency – a Replacement to Load Shedding, Essay examples

Foundations of Couples - Marriage - and Family

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Couples, Marriage, and Family. Answer: Introduction: face a range of ethical conflict during their daily work. No matter where they function in their roles, they are faced with ethical decisions that can affect them as well as their patients. Ethical conflict in healthcare and nursing is ranked as the top ethical challenge facing health care today. Ethical dilemma occurs when a person is not able to act on ones ethical choice. Therefore, constraints interfere with acting in a way that an individual believes to be right. According to Canadian Nurse Association, ethical conflict is a situation where nurses cannot fulfill their ethical duty thus failing to pursue their right course of action (In Lundy, In Janes, Lundy, 2016). Ethics involves doing well and not causing harm. Nurses encounter many ethical issues in their workplace. The ethical conflict that happens in their day-to-day work entails them making a decision (Harvey Land, 2016). The decisions they make are affected by many factors including principles, values, as well as exper iences. Harry Nelson is a patient who is ailing from end-stage cancer. He is receiving palliative care at his home where he has brought up his family. Harry has not prepared an advanced care directive, and his condition is worsening, and he is aware that his death is imminent. Harry wishes to die in his home, but his daughter Stacey is stressed because of his fathers condition. Therefore, she calls an ambulance because she believes his father can live longer if he receives further treatment. When the palliative care crew gets at Harry Nelson home, they find considerable conflict, and this becomes complex on how to solve it. Harry has the desire to stay at home, and on the other hand, Stacey wants him to go to the hospital for further treatment. The ambulance transports Harry because according to its guidelines, Harry meets the criteria of medical treatment and transport. Therefore, Harry is taken to hospital despite his objections. According to the case study above, it is clear that there is a considerable conflict. Critical medical issues like Harry Nelson condition involve far-reaching decisions about the life and the death of a severely sick patient, and this is very challenging for the healthcare staffs. Furthermore discussing such serious decisions with the patient becomes impossible due to their stubbornness thus resulting in an increased need to communicate with the relatives or legal representative. Trust and confidence, therefore, become challenged thus inviting conflict. According to the case study, the considerable conflict occurred between the palliative care and Harry Nelsons daughter Stacey in the matter of whether or not to limit the life-sustaining treatment and the patients death due to Harry Nelson wish to stay at home. Principles of healthcare ethics According to the actions of the palliative care crew, they acted in accordance to the relevant principles of healthcare, code of ethics as well as the code of conduct in healthcare professional. According to research, critical medical issues present the major ethical theories and application in healthcare as part of the foundation for the study of ethics. The foundation shows how principles are used in healthcare and how they are applied in care of ethical conflict. The principles that are commonly used in healthcare ethics are non-maleficence, beneficence, and autonomy. The nurses use these principles to make decisions in case of serious illness in patients like that of Harry Nelson. This principle relates to the first ethical requirement in healthcare that procedure done by any healthcare professional should not harm the patient or others in the community. In healthcare ethics, there is no clear evidence whether a health care professional want to do harm or avoid doing harm. Nevertheless, the debate comes in when we consider the word harm. Different ethical theories give the various meaning of harm. For example, a deontologist would define harm as that which prevents people from performing their duty or that, which is opposed, to the formal condition of moral law. On the other hand, a consequentiality would define harm as that which prevents the good thus leading to less good. However, in healthcare, harm is that which worsens the condition of a patient (Evans, 2017). In many fields, they may say harm include pain, inconvenience, expense or even discomfort. Nevertheless, in healthcare settings, harm is considered physical harm. According to the case study, the palliative care crew acted in non-maleficence. The crew did not mean to harm Harry Nelson despite his wish to stay at home. First, his health was deteriorating, and therefore, it is the duty of the healthcare crew to look after him without neglecting him. Even though in clinical setting non-maleficence can occur due to negligence and as a violation of autonomy, a patient needs to have a legal document that specifies what actions should be taken for their health (Maville Huerta, 2013). In harm as a violation of autonomy, a patient may elect not to receive treatment because of their condition as they are aware they are about to die. Therefore, imposing treatment on a person who desires to lose life quality then it is wrong. According to the case study, Harry is very weak and fully aware that his death is nearing thus he wishes to remain at home with no further treatment and die in his home. However, the palliative care crew transports him against his w ill upon his daughters insistence. This, however, is not wrong because the crew was taking Harry to the hospital for further treatment they did not mean any harm. Second, Harry had not prepared an advanced care directive. Therefore, their actions are not questionable as they acted in best of interests and reasonable decision (Smith, 2016). Beneficence principle advocates that any performance should be done with the intention of doing well for the patient. It demands that healthcare staffs develop and maintain skills and knowledge, considers the circumstances of all patients and strive for overall benefit. Beneficence involves more than just avoiding harm (Dossey, Keegan, In Barrere, 2016). It involves a level of altruism that is not present from just refraining from harm. The healthcare ethical guideline of having to involve in beneficent acts means that the healthcare professionals are ethically required to take optimistic steps to assist the patients. Concerning the ethical theories, the principle advocates for the maximum good for an utmost number just as the principle of consequentialism (Shafer-Landau, 2012). The beneficence principle is important in healthcare ethics and therefore, ethical egoism, which is the belief that our basic obligation is a virtue, is not connected from healthcare (Maville Huerta, 2013). Therefore, in the case study, the healthcare professionals transported Harry to the hospital because they wanted to help him. They did not hold the negligent or deficient action to perform a beneficent act. Healthcare workers are expected to portray the act of kindness and courtesy as it is part of the common morality of healthcare. Nevertheless, the principles of beneficence together with non-maleficence are not sufficient in healthcare actions due to the people who defined harm and good. Many patients are ignorant of why physicians are doing certain treatments n them. This is evident in the case study, as Harry does not want any further treatment thus having self-interest of just staying at his place and having a wish of dying at his own home. Therefore, the palliative care crew who is avoiding harm has no say in Harry Nelson wish. However, according to (Tobin, 2012) competent patients have the assertion of making decisions for themselves, which now brings the conflict of Harry being taken to the hospital and his desire to stay at home. Thus, due to the inadequacy of the two principle health professional can include the principle of Autonomy in their decisions concerning a patient who has a critical condition. This principle necessitates that the patient has the sovereignty of intent, deed, as well as thought when making verdict concerning healthcare procedures (Fletcher, 2015). Therefore, the decision taken must be free of coaxing for the patient to makes fully choice. In addition, the patient must be aware of the risks and likelihood of success in the procedures. However, in most times when a patient is in a critical condition, it is always difficult t expect the patient to operate under fully informed consent. In the case study, Harry has the right to make any decision he wants without anyone going against him. On the other hand, the palliative care crew has the obligation of acting a way that benefits Harry without harming him. Therefore, due to the conflict of his desire and the best interest of the palliative crew, the healthcare professionals should be considerable in extending Harry Nelson quality life by doing further treatment. However, Harry is competent and understands that his condition is critical and he is aware that his death is about to happen and that is why he does not want any further treatment. This makes it difficult for the palliative crew to decide whether to act upon Harry or upon his daughter insistence. It is therefore at this point the principles of healthcare ethics non-maleficence, beneficence and autonomy are important for the healthcare professionals in making decisions in any healthcare conflict. Professional Code of Ethics Since 1953, the code in healthcare has served as the standard for nurses globally (In Capuzzi In Stauffer, 2015). The code of ethics for nurses is a channel for action based on social standards and morals. The code of ethics makes it clear that inherent in nursing is respect for human rights which include, right to life, dignity and to be treated with respect (In Friberg In Creasia, 2016). The code of ethics directs nurses in daily choices thus supporting their denial to perform in activities that conflict with caring and healing. In the case study, the palliative care crew strived to guard the health and the safety of the patient. The nurses do not only focus on giving care to a patient but also to promote safety and protection as well as the rights of the patient (Butts Rich, 2016). In the case, Harry, being taken to the hospital against his will was to protect his health. Even though he had wished to remain at his home, the lack of an advanced care directive makes the palliative to focus on their actions and encounters with Harry Nelson. Therefore, their act drives protocols and promotes the wellbeing, protects his life (In Gerrish In Lathlean, 2015). Also in the code of ethics in the case study, the healthcare professionals conducted themselves professionally thus practicing care regardless of the unrestricted consideration, nature of health problem and Harry Nelson wish. Besides, the palliative crew owed Harry Nelson commitment of care. The ethical codes in nursing say that the nurses responsibility is foremost to their patients. Even though the crew was overcome by the considerable conflict, in the code of ethics, the nurse must always recall that their primary responsibility is to be an advocate to and for their patient and not any influence like in the insistence of Stacey Harry Nelson daughter. Professional Code of Conduct According to the International Patient Charter, codes sets out the customary of behavior that nurses are expected to maintain in their professional practice (Fowler American Nurses Association, 2015). The code of conduct advises nurses on what is expected of them. The codes are in line with the statutory to maintain the health and safety of patient (Sorkin, August, Fischer, 2017). According to the case study, the healthcare professionals acted in agreement with the code of conducts for nurses which include integrity, improving health and accountability (Waddill-Goad Sigma Theta Tau International, 2016). In the case study, the crew acted in full honor to safeguard the life of Harry. Also as the healthcare services are in agreement with promoting health. Therefore, the palliative care crew did just to take Harry in the hospital as the code of conduct acts nurses to support and empower those with chronic conditions. Besides accountability comes in when Stacey asks the crew to take her father for further treatment. The crew agrees since it is their duty to address peoples concerns. Other national and international Charters Other national healthcare charters like "you and Your Health Service" is created through efforts from many concerned individuals. The parties include advocacy groups, individual supporters who assist in the enhancement of the National policy for health services. The charter is an element of the program of quality enhancement initiatives developed to involve service users in influencing optimum healthcare (In Lundy, In Janes Lundy, 2016). The International Charter for Human Values in Healthcare is another healthcare charter. It is an inter-professional collaborative involving people globally working together to restore core human ethics to health care (Tobin, 2012). The human values consist of respect for people, integrity, justice, as well as a commitment to excellence. Ethical Theory Different ethical theories exist, and they are applied in different situations to help in healthcare professional thinking as well as making decisions. The theory of ethical principals is mostly used in approaching ethics in healthcare. The ethical principal is viewed as a tool of making a decision as well as solving problems, which is relinquished by appealing to good moral principles (Brixey et al., 2015). The theory emphasizes the four ethical healthcare principles, which are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. These principles are accepted in healthcare as they assist in providing sound moral reason while taking actions. This theory is increasingly acceptable as a reliable and practical framework for solving moral problems in health care. The principal ethical theory has therefore gained contemporary discussions on ethical issues in healthcare. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to have knowledge and understanding of this model. Conclusion In conclusion, it is essential for the healthcare professionals to have the full competence of the health care principles, code of ethics, as well as the code of conducts to help them in their professional practice. The principles of healthcare ethics can assist health care at the time of handing critically ill patients, as mostly they have to make decisions that are in agreement with promoting health and preventing harm in the patient. The commitments of the nurses in their care include providing safety, competent and ethical care. However, the healthcare professionals get frustrated in their efforts to enact their professional in the way that is acceptable to them. Due to that then ethical conflict is created. If however, palliative care crew like in the case study were not able to identify the ethical conflict and dilemma then they would not have been able to make any right decision and resolve the situation while as well building up of moral residue. References Brixey, J. J., Brixey, J. E., Saba, V., McCormick, K. (2015).Essentials of Nursing Informatics Study Guide. Butts, J. B., Rich, K. L. (2016).Nursing ethics: Across the curriculum and into practice. Burlington, MA : Jones Bartlett Learning In Friberg, E. E., In Creasia, J. L. (2016).Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice. Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., In Barrere, C. (2016).Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. 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